Eradication of Sociocultural Barriers in Underpriviledged...

Murray (1999) in his study cited that the American Psychological Association’s 1999 Annual Convention was conducted in order to highlight the fact that it is very important to understand and eradicate socio-cultural differences in underprivileged countries for providing children a healthy environment for grooming their personalities. The convention concluded that discrimination, stereotypes and abuse are some of the negative outcomes of socio-cultural differences. There are evident cultural differences in parenting among different states of Nigeria. Many case studies have concluded the fact that every state has different literacy rate. Moreover, the religion practiced by majority of people in every state is also different. This is the reason that it is very difficult to analyze methods of parenting in Nigeria. However, in Rivers State where Christianity is practiced by more than 80% of the population, policy makers have been striving to implement communicative strategies in educational institute to provide young children a healthy environment for learning. Another factor which further emphasizes the need of eradication of socio-cultural barriers is evolving economy of the world. The hype of globalization as increased the number of multinational organizations, both in developing as well as developed countries. It means that educational institutes have to adopt different strategies for preparing children for the practical world. Effective communication skill is the need of the

Computer Engineering Ethics - 4002 Words

2.1 Learning Outcomes At the end of this class the course participant should be able to: ï‚ · Identify some contributors to social and professional issues and relate their achievements to the knowledge area ï‚ · Contrast between ethical and legal issues ï‚ · Contrast between a patent, a trademark, and a copyright ï‚ · Identify some ways of credentialing a person to practice computer engineering ï‚ · Describe issues that contrast risk issues with safety issues ï‚ · Identify some issues in computer engineering that address privacy ï‚ · Describe whistle blowing and the conflicts between ethics and practice that may result from doing so ï‚ · Describe how computer engineering uses or benefits from social and professional issues. 2.2 Reasons for Studying Social†¦show more content†¦The attention given by the media to computerrelated disasters in technical systems such as the explosion of the Ariane 5 rocket in 1996 and the Therac-25 computerized radiation machine overdoses has s timulated interest in Computer Engineering Ethics. Most engineering is performed within profit-making organizations operating within a complex structure of societal and regulatory constraints. Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life of people and the services provided by engineers are required to take into consideration the safety, health and welfare of the public. Engineering Ethics is therefore of relevance to the majority of people within Computer Engineering. Research Ethics or Educational Ethics apply to those professionals in Computer Engineering who are active within research and 2 education. Other branches of Ethics such as Healthcare Ethics and similar may apply to other Computer Engineering professionals. The field of Computer Engineering has its own particular ethical problems that are important to address and therefore Computer Engineering Ethics has developed as a specific field of study. It is vital to recognize that prudent ethical judgment is a crucial, integral part of professional Computer Engineering skills. 2.5 Conflicting Ethical choices in Professional Engineering Practice The ethical choices faced by engineers today are increasingly complex. Competing and conflicting ethical demands from clients,Show MoreRelatedCareer Of Software Engineering And Computer Ethics1341 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Issues - Ethics Abuah Chukwuedo Kingsleyâˆâ€" October 29, 2014 âˆâ€" A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for COMP10120, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester. 1 Contents 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 3 2.1 What is Ethics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Prac- tice 3 4 Analysis 3 5 Comparison 5 6 Bibliography 5 2 1 Summary †The Case of the Killer Robot is a detailed scenario thatRead MoreWhat Does Tomorrow Behold For Me?1629 Words   |  7 Pagesexpand on the ideas that I had and started to do some research. One of my ideas what to enter Computer Engineering and learn more about computers. I had questions that need answers, so I found someone in Computer Engineering that was willing to answer some of the questions I had. If you wanted to know who I interviewed, his name is Charles Li. He is a Junior at Purdue University who is studying Computer Engineering. Let me just say that he is quite a unique individual. If you have time, you should reallyRead MoreRa 92927360 Words   |  30 Pages5734, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS THE ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING ACT OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the Philippines in Congress assembled: ARTICLE I GENERAL PROVISIONS Section 1.  Short Title.  - This Act shall be known as the Electronics Engineering Law of 2004. Section 2.  Statement of Policy.  - The State recognizes the importance of electronics engineering in nation-building and development. The State shall thereforeRead MoreCareers And Careers : Computer Science1037 Words   |  5 Pagesin Computing: Computer Scientist Computer science offers many different career options including software engineering, system analyst, and computer scientist. Each one of these career options focuses and specializes in one study of computer science and certain aspects. One major career choice that deals with computer science is a computer scientist. A computer scientist has acquired knowledge of computer science itself and various principles and applications that involve computer science. This coversRead MoreFailure Is Always And Option1238 Words   |  5 PagesFailure is Always and Option Shenshuai Chen ENGR: 2110: Engineering Fundamentals 1: Statics Introduction Engineers ought to maintain commendable design and implementation standards in the development of any project. In fact, doing the contrary jeopardizes the welfare of the people utilizing the materials created. As such, the knowledge on static concepts needs to be prioritized in the development and implementation of engineering projects to minimize the possibilities of failure due to poor planningRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 Pages1Introduction Today, established ethical frameworks play a vital role in companies and organisations, espe- cially in big ones. Ethical framework, also known as code of conduct and code of ethics, is a set of guidelines, recommendations and rules, which specify expected behaviour and possible options how to make ethical decision, under different circumstances. It is crucial for every institution to set up ethical framework in order to prevent specific problems and to have es- tablished policy toRead MoreWhat Are Essential Attributes Of Good Software?1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexample: software include control systems for electronic devices, air traffic control systems. Chapter 1 1.1 professional software development 3. What is software engineering? software engineering means applying the principles of engineering to the software development field Software engineering covers not only the technical aspects of building software systems, but also management issues, such as directing programming teams, scheduling, and budgeting 4. What are the four fundamentalRead MoreThe Engineering Of Electricity What Is This Magic?973 Words   |  4 PagesEthics in the engineering of electricity†¦What is this Magic?! What happened that made the United States need a code of ethics for engineers? According to the National Society of Professional Engineers (NSPE) heritage, people in the early 1900s employer’s didn’t require certification from an employee to be hired as an engineer, who caused lots of problems and deaths due to safety issues [1]. In comparison to today’s standards that is blasphemy. It was only 100 years ago that each state started requiringRead MoreScientific Management: Taylor and the Gilbreths1254 Words   |  6 Pages This management theory,  developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor,  was dominant  in manufacturing industries  in the 1880s and 1890s. * Important components of scientific management include analysis, synthesis, logic, rationality, empiricism, work ethic, efficiency, and elimination of waste and standardized best practices. * Taylor and the Gilbreths introduced studies and methods of measuring worker productivity, including time studies and motion studies, which are still used today in operationsRead MoreThe Golden Age Of Computing1440 Words   |  6 PagesBrian Grant PHIL103-009 Chin-Hua Lin 4/10/17 From Computers to DNA Similar to how the twentieth century was the golden age of computing, the 21-st century is the age of DNA. The computer age, early 1990’s, brought about dramatic changes to how we as a species function. Due to the help brought about from the computer revolution, the genetic revolution hopes to do for life what computing did for information. We are near being able to manipulate organisms for any number of reasons. Whether it be for

Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis Free Essays

DATE: September 16, 2012 TO: Patricia Bennett, Supervising Principal FROM: Connor Sims, Associate SUBJECT: Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis (21111) This report presents information regarding the industry, the primary operator of oil and gas field properties. The industry fuels its key buyers, the Natural Gas Distribution (22121) and the Petroleum Refining (32411) industries, with crude oil and natural gas. The industry continuously battles a shortage of available oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, many major oil fields have been in use for decades, slowly waning. Currently, the industry grosses among the most profitable in the US despite these and similar obstacles. The benefits of investing here potentially outweigh concerning risks. Because of the esteemed value of the industry’s products, consistent demand for its products, and its positive near-future outlook, diversification into this industry may produce rewarding profitability in the short-term. High Product Value Crude Oil Prices The key economic driver for the Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry, crude oil prices, determines much of its profitability according to supply and demand. Price trends in West Texas Intermediate, a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing, display the growth of its value in the past 3 years and past decade. An average barrel of crude oil grew from $26. 18 in 2002 to $61. 95 in 2009, $79. 48 in 2010, and $94. 87 in 2011 (Airlines, 2012). JP Morgan analysts project average annual prices above $99 in upcoming years (Sethuraman, 2012). Such upward growth points to lucrative profits. Natural Gas Outlook Natural gas production accounts for 41. 6% of industry revenue in 2012. Prices n natural gas reached a 10-year low in April this year, but have erupted by more than 70% since (Hargreaves, 2012). Natural gas has seen an abundantly large output due to recent discoveries of natural gas in the Appalachian Basin; this large supply has kept prices relatively low recently, leaving opportunity for even higher profitability in future years. Consistent Demand Fueling US Industries The Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry is the sole supp ly industry for its two demand industries, Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Distribution (Hersch). The US internally consumes 19,150,000 barrels of oil per day, doubling the world’s second largest consumer, China (Index, 2012). IBIS World describes the industry’s demand industries as â€Å"mature,† assuring the stable demand for our industry’s products (Hersch). Rising Exports, Foreign Buyers Current international relations appear conducive to this industry’s profitability. In 2011, for the first time since 1949, the US exported more refined oil than it imported (Winters, 2012); this evidences the success between the supply industry and its demand industries detailed above. Additionally, oil exports to China will surge as it industrializes quickly. China’s exponentially growing demand leads to worldwide price increases (Hersch). Any increases, particularly increase this substantial, raise the WTI average price per barrel, increasing profitability. Positive Current Standing Favorable Market Concentration The four largest firms in the industry comprise of approximately 30. 0% of total revenue (Hersch, 2012). Market share concentration is low, allowing firms of any size to portion the industry’s $345. 9 billion revenue this year. The competitive aspect of entering this industry would not be a difficult obstacle to overcome. Profit Margin The Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry reels in a significantly larger margin in comparison to related industries. 46% of all industry revenue goes to profit, higher than the average for the entire mining sector, 39. 2% (Hersch, 2012). In 2008, the industry returned the 7th highest profit margin among US industries (Hargreaves). Profit margins have increased in the past 5 years as result of rising crude oil prices. Risks and Concerns Barriers of Entry Most major oil and gas producers integrate services beyond drilling and extracting; many dualize as refining or distribution firms, circumventing demand industries en route to more direct profitability. New firms lacking this versatility may find an obstacle upon entry to the industry (Hersch, 2012). Additionally, firms in this industry must specialize in exploration and discovery for oil and gas resources. Firms may struggle finding initial success in this role due to the limited nature of resources. Long-term Resource Depletion ‘Peak oil’ refers to the prime of any field’s production, after which goes into terminal decline. Most major US oil fields are beyond peak oil. The largest US oil field, Prudhoe Bay, has been depleting since 1979 (Prudhoe, 2012). The US Energy Information Administration indicates much production, particularly in the Alaskan North Slope, depends on world oil prices (Energy, 2012). Geophysicists and politicians debate over specifications regarding overall US peak oil, arguing the year in which US peak oil occurred. International Comparison In addition to the US peak oil situation, the US Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry faces heavy foreign market competition. In 2011, the US ranked 3rd in oil production, behind Saudi Arabia and Russia (Energy, 2012). Saudi Arabia’s OPEC governor expects Saudi output to rise steadily beyond 2030 with a 1. 5 million barrel per day spare production capacity then (Energy, 2012). Russia holds the world’s largest natural gas reserves, and its fuel exports have steadily increased since each year since 1999 (Energy, 2012). Conclusion Despite entry risks and threats of limited resources, evidence supports the likelihood of success for us to diversify into the industry under certain stipulations. A new firm will implicitly face the challenge of exploring for land not already claimed by another firm. Additionally, alternative methods of energy will irrefutably have to replace oil drilling and gas extraction within an uncertain future; the remaining supply simply cannot match the demand forever. Two central obstacles hesitate immediate diversification: a barrier of entry and a negative long-term outlook. However, we must decide whether the benefits outweigh the concerns. World prices of oil and gas and China’s growing demand directly affect profitability. Because evidence above shows substantial progress in both of these drivers with a very positive short-term outlook, diversification must be considered. If presence in the industry can be established quickly and will remain only until profitability falls, I recommend diversification. References Airlines For America (2012). Annual Crude Oil and Jet Fuel Prices. http://www. airlines. org/Pages/Annual-Crude-Oil-and- Jet-Fuel-Prices. aspx.. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Energy Information Administration (2012). Project Alaska North Slope oil production at risk beyond 2025 if oil prices drop sharply. Today In Energy. http://www. ia. gov/todayinenergy/detail. cfm? id=7970 Retrieved September 16, 2012. Prudhoe Bay Fact Sheet (2012). British Petroleum. www. bp. com/assets/bp†¦ us†¦ /A03_prudhoe_bay_fact_sheet. pdf Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hargreaves, Steve (2012). Natural gas prices surge 70%. CNN Money. http://money. cnn. com/2012/07/24/investing/natural-gas- – prices/i ndex. htm. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hersch, Laura. (2012). IBIS World Industry Report 21111. Oil Drilling Extraction In the US. Retrieved September 16, 2012 from IBIS World Database. How the US Uses Oil (2012). Alternative Energy. Retrieved September 16, 2012. ttp://alternativeenergy. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=001797 Index Mundi (2012). http://www. indexmundi. com/g/r. aspx? c=usv=91. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Sethuraman, Nathan (2012). Poll: Increasing numbers see oil below $100 in 2013, 2014. Reuters. http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/06/27/us-oil-poll- idUSBRE85Q14720120627. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Winter, Michael (2012). U. S. Exported more gasoline than imported last year. USA Today. http://content. usatoday. com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/0 2/us-exported-more-gasoline-than-imported-last-year/1#. UFav7BhGhgI How to cite Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis, Papers