Eradication of Sociocultural Barriers in Underpriviledged...

Murray (1999) in his study cited that the American Psychological Association’s 1999 Annual Convention was conducted in order to highlight the fact that it is very important to understand and eradicate socio-cultural differences in underprivileged countries for providing children a healthy environment for grooming their personalities. The convention concluded that discrimination, stereotypes and abuse are some of the negative outcomes of socio-cultural differences. There are evident cultural differences in parenting among different states of Nigeria. Many case studies have concluded the fact that every state has different literacy rate. Moreover, the religion practiced by majority of people in every state is also different. This is the reason that it is very difficult to analyze methods of parenting in Nigeria. However, in Rivers State where Christianity is practiced by more than 80% of the population, policy makers have been striving to implement communicative strategies in educational institute to provide young children a healthy environment for learning. Another factor which further emphasizes the need of eradication of socio-cultural barriers is evolving economy of the world. The hype of globalization as increased the number of multinational organizations, both in developing as well as developed countries. It means that educational institutes have to adopt different strategies for preparing children for the practical world. Effective communication skill is the need of the

Computer Engineering Ethics - 4002 Words

2.1 Learning Outcomes At the end of this class the course participant should be able to: ï‚ · Identify some contributors to social and professional issues and relate their achievements to the knowledge area ï‚ · Contrast between ethical and legal issues ï‚ · Contrast between a patent, a trademark, and a copyright ï‚ · Identify some ways of credentialing a person to practice computer engineering ï‚ · Describe issues that contrast risk issues with safety issues ï‚ · Identify some issues in computer engineering that address privacy ï‚ · Describe whistle blowing and the conflicts between ethics and practice that may result from doing so ï‚ · Describe how computer engineering uses or benefits from social and professional issues. 2.2 Reasons for Studying Social†¦show more content†¦The attention given by the media to computerrelated disasters in technical systems such as the explosion of the Ariane 5 rocket in 1996 and the Therac-25 computerized radiation machine overdoses has s timulated interest in Computer Engineering Ethics. Most engineering is performed within profit-making organizations operating within a complex structure of societal and regulatory constraints. Engineering has a direct and vital impact on the quality of life of people and the services provided by engineers are required to take into consideration the safety, health and welfare of the public. Engineering Ethics is therefore of relevance to the majority of people within Computer Engineering. Research Ethics or Educational Ethics apply to those professionals in Computer Engineering who are active within research and 2 education. Other branches of Ethics such as Healthcare Ethics and similar may apply to other Computer Engineering professionals. The field of Computer Engineering has its own particular ethical problems that are important to address and therefore Computer Engineering Ethics has developed as a specific field of study. It is vital to recognize that prudent ethical judgment is a crucial, integral part of professional Computer Engineering skills. 2.5 Conflicting Ethical choices in Professional Engineering Practice The ethical choices faced by engineers today are increasingly complex. Competing and conflicting ethical demands from clients,Show MoreRelatedCareer Of Software Engineering And Computer Ethics1341 Words   |  6 PagesProfessional Issues - Ethics Abuah Chukwuedo Kingsleyâˆâ€" October 29, 2014 âˆâ€" A report submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for COMP10120, School of Computer Science, University of Manchester. 1 Contents 1 Summary 3 2 Introduction 3 2.1 What is Ethics? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 3 The Software Engineering Code of Ethics and Professional Prac- tice 3 4 Analysis 3 5 Comparison 5 6 Bibliography 5 2 1 Summary †The Case of the Killer Robot is a detailed scenario thatRead MoreWhat Does Tomorrow Behold For Me?1629 Words   |  7 Pagesexpand on the ideas that I had and started to do some research. One of my ideas what to enter Computer Engineering and learn more about computers. I had questions that need answers, so I found someone in Computer Engineering that was willing to answer some of the questions I had. 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Each one of these career options focuses and specializes in one study of computer science and certain aspects. One major career choice that deals with computer science is a computer scientist. A computer scientist has acquired knowledge of computer science itself and various principles and applications that involve computer science. This coversRead MoreFailure Is Always And Option1238 Words   |  5 PagesFailure is Always and Option Shenshuai Chen ENGR: 2110: Engineering Fundamentals 1: Statics Introduction Engineers ought to maintain commendable design and implementation standards in the development of any project. In fact, doing the contrary jeopardizes the welfare of the people utilizing the materials created. As such, the knowledge on static concepts needs to be prioritized in the development and implementation of engineering projects to minimize the possibilities of failure due to poor planningRead MoreCode Of Ethics Of Ieee. Computer Society1597 Words   |  7 Pages1Introduction Today, established ethical frameworks play a vital role in companies and organisations, espe- cially in big ones. Ethical framework, also known as code of conduct and code of ethics, is a set of guidelines, recommendations and rules, which specify expected behaviour and possible options how to make ethical decision, under different circumstances. It is crucial for every institution to set up ethical framework in order to prevent specific problems and to have es- tablished policy toRead MoreWhat Are Essential Attributes Of Good Software?1417 Words   |  6 Pagesexample: software include control systems for electronic devices, air traffic control systems. Chapter 1 1.1 professional software development 3. 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Due to the help brought about from the computer revolution, the genetic revolution hopes to do for life what computing did for information. We are near being able to manipulate organisms for any number of reasons. Whether it be for

Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis Free Essays

DATE: September 16, 2012 TO: Patricia Bennett, Supervising Principal FROM: Connor Sims, Associate SUBJECT: Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis (21111) This report presents information regarding the industry, the primary operator of oil and gas field properties. The industry fuels its key buyers, the Natural Gas Distribution (22121) and the Petroleum Refining (32411) industries, with crude oil and natural gas. The industry continuously battles a shortage of available oil. We will write a custom essay sample on Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis or any similar topic only for you Order Now In addition, many major oil fields have been in use for decades, slowly waning. Currently, the industry grosses among the most profitable in the US despite these and similar obstacles. The benefits of investing here potentially outweigh concerning risks. Because of the esteemed value of the industry’s products, consistent demand for its products, and its positive near-future outlook, diversification into this industry may produce rewarding profitability in the short-term. High Product Value Crude Oil Prices The key economic driver for the Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry, crude oil prices, determines much of its profitability according to supply and demand. Price trends in West Texas Intermediate, a grade of crude oil used as a benchmark in oil pricing, display the growth of its value in the past 3 years and past decade. An average barrel of crude oil grew from $26. 18 in 2002 to $61. 95 in 2009, $79. 48 in 2010, and $94. 87 in 2011 (Airlines, 2012). JP Morgan analysts project average annual prices above $99 in upcoming years (Sethuraman, 2012). Such upward growth points to lucrative profits. Natural Gas Outlook Natural gas production accounts for 41. 6% of industry revenue in 2012. Prices n natural gas reached a 10-year low in April this year, but have erupted by more than 70% since (Hargreaves, 2012). Natural gas has seen an abundantly large output due to recent discoveries of natural gas in the Appalachian Basin; this large supply has kept prices relatively low recently, leaving opportunity for even higher profitability in future years. Consistent Demand Fueling US Industries The Oil Drilling Gas Extraction Industry is the sole supp ly industry for its two demand industries, Petroleum Refining and Natural Gas Distribution (Hersch). The US internally consumes 19,150,000 barrels of oil per day, doubling the world’s second largest consumer, China (Index, 2012). IBIS World describes the industry’s demand industries as â€Å"mature,† assuring the stable demand for our industry’s products (Hersch). Rising Exports, Foreign Buyers Current international relations appear conducive to this industry’s profitability. In 2011, for the first time since 1949, the US exported more refined oil than it imported (Winters, 2012); this evidences the success between the supply industry and its demand industries detailed above. Additionally, oil exports to China will surge as it industrializes quickly. China’s exponentially growing demand leads to worldwide price increases (Hersch). Any increases, particularly increase this substantial, raise the WTI average price per barrel, increasing profitability. Positive Current Standing Favorable Market Concentration The four largest firms in the industry comprise of approximately 30. 0% of total revenue (Hersch, 2012). Market share concentration is low, allowing firms of any size to portion the industry’s $345. 9 billion revenue this year. The competitive aspect of entering this industry would not be a difficult obstacle to overcome. Profit Margin The Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry reels in a significantly larger margin in comparison to related industries. 46% of all industry revenue goes to profit, higher than the average for the entire mining sector, 39. 2% (Hersch, 2012). In 2008, the industry returned the 7th highest profit margin among US industries (Hargreaves). Profit margins have increased in the past 5 years as result of rising crude oil prices. Risks and Concerns Barriers of Entry Most major oil and gas producers integrate services beyond drilling and extracting; many dualize as refining or distribution firms, circumventing demand industries en route to more direct profitability. New firms lacking this versatility may find an obstacle upon entry to the industry (Hersch, 2012). Additionally, firms in this industry must specialize in exploration and discovery for oil and gas resources. Firms may struggle finding initial success in this role due to the limited nature of resources. Long-term Resource Depletion ‘Peak oil’ refers to the prime of any field’s production, after which goes into terminal decline. Most major US oil fields are beyond peak oil. The largest US oil field, Prudhoe Bay, has been depleting since 1979 (Prudhoe, 2012). The US Energy Information Administration indicates much production, particularly in the Alaskan North Slope, depends on world oil prices (Energy, 2012). Geophysicists and politicians debate over specifications regarding overall US peak oil, arguing the year in which US peak oil occurred. International Comparison In addition to the US peak oil situation, the US Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry faces heavy foreign market competition. In 2011, the US ranked 3rd in oil production, behind Saudi Arabia and Russia (Energy, 2012). Saudi Arabia’s OPEC governor expects Saudi output to rise steadily beyond 2030 with a 1. 5 million barrel per day spare production capacity then (Energy, 2012). Russia holds the world’s largest natural gas reserves, and its fuel exports have steadily increased since each year since 1999 (Energy, 2012). Conclusion Despite entry risks and threats of limited resources, evidence supports the likelihood of success for us to diversify into the industry under certain stipulations. A new firm will implicitly face the challenge of exploring for land not already claimed by another firm. Additionally, alternative methods of energy will irrefutably have to replace oil drilling and gas extraction within an uncertain future; the remaining supply simply cannot match the demand forever. Two central obstacles hesitate immediate diversification: a barrier of entry and a negative long-term outlook. However, we must decide whether the benefits outweigh the concerns. World prices of oil and gas and China’s growing demand directly affect profitability. Because evidence above shows substantial progress in both of these drivers with a very positive short-term outlook, diversification must be considered. If presence in the industry can be established quickly and will remain only until profitability falls, I recommend diversification. References Airlines For America (2012). Annual Crude Oil and Jet Fuel Prices. http://www. airlines. org/Pages/Annual-Crude-Oil-and- Jet-Fuel-Prices. aspx.. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Energy Information Administration (2012). Project Alaska North Slope oil production at risk beyond 2025 if oil prices drop sharply. Today In Energy. http://www. ia. gov/todayinenergy/detail. cfm? id=7970 Retrieved September 16, 2012. Prudhoe Bay Fact Sheet (2012). British Petroleum. www. bp. com/assets/bp†¦ us†¦ /A03_prudhoe_bay_fact_sheet. pdf Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hargreaves, Steve (2012). Natural gas prices surge 70%. CNN Money. http://money. cnn. com/2012/07/24/investing/natural-gas- – prices/i ndex. htm. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Hersch, Laura. (2012). IBIS World Industry Report 21111. Oil Drilling Extraction In the US. Retrieved September 16, 2012 from IBIS World Database. How the US Uses Oil (2012). Alternative Energy. Retrieved September 16, 2012. ttp://alternativeenergy. procon. org/view. resource. php? resourceID=001797 Index Mundi (2012). http://www. indexmundi. com/g/r. aspx? c=usv=91. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Sethuraman, Nathan (2012). Poll: Increasing numbers see oil below $100 in 2013, 2014. Reuters. http://www. reuters. com/article/2012/06/27/us-oil-poll- idUSBRE85Q14720120627. Retrieved September 16, 2012. Winter, Michael (2012). U. S. Exported more gasoline than imported last year. USA Today. http://content. usatoday. com/communities/ondeadline/post/2012/0 2/us-exported-more-gasoline-than-imported-last-year/1#. UFav7BhGhgI How to cite Oil Drilling and Gas Extraction Industry in the US Analysis, Papers

The rate of smoking among HIV positive cases.

Proposed Title of the Research Study The efficacy of use of work groups in reducing the rate of smoking among HIV positive cases.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Summary of the Proposed Study In summary this project intends to investigate the efficacy that group work among HIV positive smokers has in reducing their rate of smoking behavior and thereby inform on design of effective health programs that will achieve the same. To determine if use of group work among HIV positive smokers will be an effective strategy in reducing smoking habit among the target cases, then it is essential that this study establish if use of group work will be effective in reducing smoking behavior. Thus, this project will also find out if there is a correlation between group work and reduced rate of smoking among HIV positive cases. Purpose of the p roposed study The purpose of this paper is to investigate the impact that work groups have among HIV positive smokers as far as their smoking behaviors is concerned. Hypothesis HA: Work group is an effective strategy of reducing smoking behavior among HIV positive cases who are smokers. Research Questions 1. Is use of work groups among HIV positive smokers an effective strategy that can be reliably used in reducing rate of smoking behavior among these cases?Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More 2. Does use of work groups among HIV positive smokers has any health benefits to them? Literature Review Since HIV Aids became a health issue in the early 1980s, there have been 60 million cases that are approximated to have been infected with the disease while another 25 million are estimated to have died because of the disease (UNAIDS, 2010; UNESCAP, 2010). Among these cases more t han 67% of all HIV infections occur in Africa which sadly accounts for more than 90% of all new HIV infections that occur among children (Kent, 2010). In addition, majority of HIV cases are comprised of young people for whom we know the smoking prevalence to be exceptionally high. Cigarette smoking among HIV positive cases has adverse health implications for several reasons; one, because HIV among pregnant women occurs at already very high rates, then smoking among HIV positive pregnant women becomes critical as it worsens the health condition of both the mother and the newborn (Thebody.org, 2010). Secondly, cigarette smoking among HIV positive subjects worsens tuberculosis condition among infected cases and is itself a risk factor for tuberculosis disease (WHO, 2010). This is when you consider that tuberculosis is the number one cause of death for persons infected with HIV AIDs (Nooritajer, 2008); in Sub-Saharan Africa, tuberculosis related complications are the cause for 30% death s among the 25 million peoples infected with HIV (Unicef, 2010). In 2008, tuberculosis related deaths were responsible for approximately 1.8 million deaths worldwide which translates to 5,000 persons in a day (Lynn, 2010); while another 2 billion people are estimated to be infected by the WHO, making it by far the worst public health crisis that had ever affected humanity (2010). Finally, cigarette smoking directly and adversely affects fetuses and children in general not to mention even adults through indirect smoke (Thedccentre.com, 2010). Thus, any health program that is aimed at curbing the rate of cigarette smoking among HIV positive cases will go a long way towards preventing all these health concerns among the target cases. Research Methodology The research design for this research will be a cohort study that utilizes use of questionnaire as well as desk-based review of relevant literature. Desk based research will analyze the existing literature on the same topic of HIV case s and the efficacy of group work in reducing smoking habit.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Depending on the group sizes survey research design can also be used; survey research designs involve data collection from a specified sample size in order to arrive at an accurate assessment of the whole population regarding specific variables that the study intends to find out (Babbie, 1992; Newman, 1994). As such survey research study is most suitable in studies that involve investigation of opinions, behaviors, attitudes, perceptions, culture orientation and so on which is similar to what we shall be investigating in this case (Adams and Schvaneveldt, 1985; Shuttleworth, 2010). That is the impact that work groups have in influencing HIV positive cases from heightened level of smoking. Survey research study is especially suited to t his type of study since it is possible to customize the research study to focus on key areas of interest (Kovacs, 1985; Leedy, 1993). Additionally, questionnaires will be used to collect data on key variables of the research study which would be targeted at the two groups of individuals; the HIV positive smokers participating in work groups (cases) and HIV positive smokers not participating in work groups whom in this case will be the control group. For this reason, this research will be designed in a form of cohort study where cases from both categories will be followed up over time to determine if the HIV positive smokers participating in work groups do indeed have reduced spans of smoking compared to those who don’t participate in work groups. Significance of the research This research study is relevant in that it will lead to formulation of effective strategies that will enable caregivers design programs for HIV positive cases that are meant to empower them reduce their s moking habits. More importantly, the findings of this research study will go a long way towards improving the overall health of HIV positive smokers and thereby reduce the chances of health complications among these cases. Generally, the implications of research findings that will be obtained from this study are many and include strengthening of health programs aimed at HIV positive smokers as well as generation of crucial information that will increase the available literature review in this field of study. Ethical considerations This research study will conform with relevant laws that governs all form of research studies at both local and international levels. Permits and licenses will be applied and relevant authorities informed beforehand so as to obtain their consent well on time.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Because this research study will involve use of questionnaires among human subjects I intend to guarantee the privacy of respondent and their feedback in accordance with the international standards of research studies. Anticipated problems and limitations Like all other research studies, this too will be limited by issues of time and costs; because time and cost factors impacts on the final results of a study, this research study will be limited in both its breadth and depth and generalization of the findings might not be applicable in a wide scale. Finally, there is possibility of other factors that could negatively or positively impact on smoking habits among study subjects which are likely to interfere with my research questions as they will compound the variables that I will be investigating. References Adams, G. Schvaneveldt, K. (1985). Understanding Research Methods. New York, NY; Longman Inc. Babbie, E. (1992). The Practice of Social Research. California, CA; Wadswork Publis hing Company. Kovacs, A. (1985). The Research Process: Essential of Skill Development. Philadelphia. Davis Company. Kent, J. (2010). Statistics: HIV AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www.flowjo.com/home/africa/statistics.html Lynn, J. (2010). Malaria AIDS, TB in Retreat-Global Fund. Retrieved from http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/LDE6271IG.html Leedy, P. (1993). Practical Research: Planning and Design. New York, NY; Macmillan Publishing Company. Nooritajer M. (2008). Review of tuberculosis. Middle East Journal of Nursing, 2(2): 542-563. Newman, L. (1994). Social Research Methods. Boston; Allys Bacons. Shuttleworth, M. (2010). Pretest-Posttest Research Designs. Retrieved from http://www.experiment-resources.com/pretest-posttest-designs.html. Thedccentre.com. (2010). Smoking and HIV Aids. Retrieved from http://www.thedccenter.org/facts_smokinghiv.html Thebody.org. (2010). Cigarette Smoking and HIV Aids. Retrieved from http://www.thebody.com/index/treat/smo king.html Unicef. (2010). The Africa malaria and TB report. Retrieved from http://www.rollbackmalaria.org/amd2003/amr2003/pdf/amr2003.pdf UNESCAP. (2010). Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases. Retrieved from http://www.mdgasiapacific.org/files/shared_folder/documents/fs_sea_mdg_goal6.pdf UNAIDS. (2010). Middle East and North Africa: AIDS epidemic update Regional  Summary. Retrieved from http://data.unaids.org/pub/Report/2008/jc1531_epibriefs_mena_en.pdf WHO. (2010). Tuberculosis. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs104/en/ This research paper on The Rate of Smoking Among HIV Positive Cases. was written and submitted by user Bella M. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Bullying Suicide and Children Essays

Bullying Suicide and Children Essays Bullying: Suicide and Children Essays Bullying Analyzing a Major Issue Bullying Bullying is a major issue in your country today. Many people think to themselves what does bullying really mean. â€Å"Bullying is an unwanted aggressive behavior among school age children that involves a real perceived power imbalanced†. (Stop Bullying) Bullying happens all over our country and happens in many different places. Here are some examples of Bullying teasing, name calling, inappropriate sexual comments, taunting, and threating to cause harm. As you can see bullying has many different forms. Bullying does not have to be right in front of a person. People could be spreading rumors, bad-mouthing a person and that still considered bullying. Now a day with the technology children and teens are being bullied by the phone, texting, emailing and video recordings. Bullying does not only have to take place in our schools. It takes place with sport groups, youth groups and yes it does take place with our adults in the work place. Yes its true bullying does happen among adul ts also in the work force. It seems weird and wrong because we are all adults and should know better but it’s true it happens. Bullying is also taking place with our seniors in their groups, nursing homes and senior living facility’s. Being bullied has many effects on children and teens. Some might become depressed and think that they aren’t loved, which will also play a toll on them always feeling sad. Anxiety could also become a problem with a child or teen because they won’t want to go to school because they will fear about getting bullied and that no one likes them. Children’s sleeping and eating habits could also change for them. When someone is being bullied they start to think that they are worthless and don’t take care of themselves since no one likes me. A child’s grades and work could decrease and they don’t feel like doing it. (That would be another example of the child thinking they are worthless).Some children bec ome self-consciousness about themselves because of being made fun of. They feel that they aren’t pretty or cute, not good enough for people to like them. Children’s self-esteem also would go away because with being made fun of, once again they feel that they aren’t good enough. Not good enough to be a good student, athlete, boyfriend, girlfriend, and also not a good friend. Children and teens should have a good self-esteem so they can achieve the goals that they have in life. No child should go thru what kids go thru now a days. Researching about bullying and talking with parents that kids are being bullied, they have expressed also that the students don’t want to go to school and more. Some have even said they want to drop out of school. Bullying statistics 2010 say bullying (Stop Bullying, Harrassment, and Violence , 2009)is a crime that is not going away anytime soon. They are saying the 2.7 million students are being bullied each year. This defiantly shows that too many students are being bullied; they should have to deal with this. In your country on in four students are being bullied on a daily basis. Every day there are students that are witnessing these students being bullied and aren’t doing anything to help them. Students don’t want to get involved because they feel if they do then they will become a victim of bullying. Sources have said that 54 percent of students that are doing the bullying are witnessing it at home and coming to school thinking if their parents can then they can. This is another reason we have the school violence that we have. Our children and teens shouldn’t have to go thru with all this. They should be able to go to school and feel safe. Schools should have things at schools to teach the parents about bullying. They should even have training sessions for our educators about bullying so they can stop it. Our teachers are seeing it more than us parents do during school hours. Paren ts and schools should take a stand and help out our children who are

Understand Fiberglass Boat Delamination

Understand Fiberglass Boat Delamination In the early days of fiberglass boat construction the durability and strength of the material was underestimated. Builders formed thick hulls with integrated tubular ribs and stringers. Since this was the time before computer aided design tools, builders in the North Western United States built using the old default method of more is better. In 1956, when the first fiberglass boat was built, the material was very new but already found acceptance in aviation and automotive industries. The only way to build at that time used layers of fiberglass impregnated with acrylic resin that hardened when cured. Large molds allowed entire hulls to be made as one piece with no seams. Some wooden structure was added inside the hull for rigidity and it was bonded in with more fiberglass material. No precautions were taken to compress the curing hull or eliminate air bubbles in the structure as is done today. We know this method as solid core construction. Fiberglass materials remained expensive, and as demand for these new boats increased, manufactures began cutting costs to compete in the marketplace. Soon a layer of wood was added to lighten and strengthen the hulls and decks. The fiberglass and wood sandwich was a great combination until one of the outer surfaces of the fiberglass was breached. This is called wood core construction. It didn’t take a crash on the rocks to let water into the wood layer. Small cracks allowed the wood to become soaked and it swelled, and then rotted. Soon the inner and outer fiberglass layers couldn’t do their job and broke down from repeated flexing. This was the first type of fiberglass delamination and the failures damaged the boat building industry badly since many manufacturers had transitioned to all fiberglass construction, leaving more traditional materials behind. Fiberglass construction was quickly becoming known as poor quality because of delamination issues. Two Types of Delamination   The first type of delamination, where a wood core either separates or disintegrates, is very difficult to repair. One of the fiberglass surfaces needs to be removed to access the core. It’s usually the inner skin that’s removed because it’s less visible so finish quality is not as important.   The process is expensive and requires skilled labor; many boats were scrapped because of the cost of repair. Even with today’s modern materials and processes this kind of repair is difficult. Another type of delamination is similar but without the wooden layer. In these cases tiny flaws in the fiberglass itself allow air to be trapped. If the hull is cared for badly, water can enter through microscopic channels and enter these voids filled with air. Expansion and contraction of these tiny bits of water will make the voids grow horizontally along the layers of fiberglass cloth and resin binder. Temperature fluctuation causes the expansion and contraction of the water and if freezing and thawing are encountered the voids will grow quickly. Small bumps soon become visible in the smooth finish. These bumps are called blisters and it’s a serious condition. Blister Repair The only way to repair this damage is to remove the outer gel coat and underlying fiberglass material to access the damage. It is then filled with new resin and the gel coat is patched. It sounds easy, but unless you have considerable experience working with composites it’s easy to make the situation worse. If the boat is going to get a new coat of paint the problem of color matching isn’t an issue. Blending a patch into existing paint is an art form and lighter colors are much easier to match than bright or dark paints. Mechanical bonding is the larger issue since the new patch is only connected to the hull through adhesive properties. The same vibrations that formed tiny cracks will cause the boundary of the patch to loosen. Some blister repair involves drilling a few very small holes and injecting an epoxy compound. The blister is then compressed while the epoxy cures. This allows the patch to become a more integrated part of the hull. Causes of Blisters Marine growth can penetrate the gel coat and allow water into the structural area. Keeping a clean bottom and using an anti-fouling paint is the most important step. Abuse is another way tiny cracks form and allow the entry of water. Some boats are exposed to these conditions as a normal course of wear. Other boats are needlessly used in a careless way and this causes hull problems. Never allow someone to load heavy objects on the cabin top or jump onto the deck from the dock. Not only is it dangerous, but it can lead to delamination in these areas which will grow with further vibration from normal use. Poor storage practices like leaving water in the bilge can lead to severe delamination. Even in tropical climates the expansion and contraction of water trapped between layers of fiberglass can raise blisters. In climates which freeze and thaw often it’s possible a small blister can turn into a â€Å"pop† where the outer surface is torn away by the pressure of internal ice. Pops can be fixed with the same processes as a blister but the extent of the damage is unknown and the hull is permanently compromised. Sonic survey can reveal some of the damage but prevention is far easier.

Topic - An Exploration of My Career Choice dentist Essay

Topic - An Exploration of My Career Choice dentist - Essay Example Dentists are skilled professionals and they contribute to the well being of the society as well. Many dentists also provide free service to the needy poor people showing the humble feelings engraved in their mind during their education. Another advantage of being a dentist is that dentists do not have to work under some other person and they can be their own boss. Since they are self employed they can easily manage and balance their professional and personal lives in a proper manner. Dentists would be in big demand in the coming future mainly because of the modern and stressed lifestyles of the individuals. People would need dentists to maintain their oral hygiene and for keeping their teeth free from dieses in order to avoid any dental problem in the future. As per the information available on the website of world dental federation, there are approximately 1,36,000 dentists working in USA and the demand for them, would only increase as the number of oral problems in the younger gene ration is the highest among the developed world. Dentistry is a profession which is changing and evolving rapidly. Dentists are required to treat patients with a variety of dental issues like teeth scaling, gum dieses, filling and many more.